This paper examines user needs in academic institutions in Tanzania and how they are being satisfied. It notes that no user needs survey has ever been conducted in academic institutions in Tanzania and argues that user needs are of various types e.g. graduate students, undergraduate students, researchers, administrators, individuals and others. I gives some practical steps in identifying information needs while also arguing that if you identify the needs of your client, the documentation and information service that you would provide to satisfy those needs will initiate action and bring about changes in clients, their outlook and in the organisation as a whole. The paper concludes that user surveys should inform the library's policies and planning.