The Journal of Finance and Business Studies (JFBS) is an international bi-annual publication of the Institute of Finance Management (IFM). JFBS focuses on the dynamic interplay between financial practices, business operations, and market environments, making it applicable to both local and global contexts. JFBS publishes a wide range of scholarly articles that encompass various subjects, including, but not limited to,banking and financial systems,investment and market analysis, insurance and risk management, social protection, business development, and actuarial science and quantitative finance.