Accounting does not have to be the same in all countries. Accounting is a product of its environment in which it operates. This paper tries to explore environmental factors that can influence accounting practices of a country. Tanzania being a case study. After giving a general introduction, factors that generally can make accounting of one country to differ from another have been explained. The paper also explored in depth the accounting in Tanzania. It started with the general information on the formation of the National Board of Accountants and Auditors (NBAA), legal status and main activities. The paper also briefly explained how NBAA contributed towards development of accounting in Tanzania. Lastly, but not least the paper explained the factors that contributed to the present accounting practices in Tanzania. The data used were mainly, secondary data through library search. This paper will, not only widen the knowledge of the readers on the causes of the present accounting situation in Tanzania, but also will highlight the need for the profession to be active to the ever-changing environment (needs of society) if it wants the accounting to remain useful to the society.